Pennsylvania class L
Pennsylvania class D16
The last 4-4-0 locomotives the PRR procured was the class L, which was soon renamed D16. It was derived from the class P or D14, but had a higher mounted boiler with a larger Belpaire firebox. The D16 with 68-inch wheels and the D16a with 80-inch wheels were designed for different types of lines. Together with the D16c and D16d, which also had the large wheels, 429 units were built by 1910.
Since they were increasingly replaced by larger locomotives shortly after the turn of the century and were used on branch lines, many of the locomotives with large wheels were subsequently given ones with a diameter of 68 inches. From 1914 a total of 241 D16b received a superheater and became the D16sb. Some D16d also became D16sd in the same way. Many of the locomotives survived into the 1930s, some into the 1940s and a few were the last to be retired in 1953. Today only the D16sb No. 1223 still exists non-operational in the Railroad Museum of Pennsylvania. It had been operational at the Strasburg Railroad, but was retired in 1989.
Technical data
General
| Property | D16 | D16b | D16c, D16d | D16sb |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Built | 1895-1910 | 1914 | ||
| Manufacturers | Altoona | |||
| Wheel arrangement | 4-4-0 (American) | |||
| Gauge | 1,435 mm (Standard gauge) | |||
Dimensions and weights
| Property | D16 | D16b | D16c, D16d | D16sb |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Length | 19.03 m | |||
| Wheelbase | 6.95 m | |||
| Total wheelbase | 15.33 m | 15.33 m | 16.77 m | |
| Service mass | 61.6 t | 62.6 t | 62.9 t | 64.5 t |
| Adhesion mass | 42.5 t | 44 t | 43 t | 44.5 t |
| Total mass | 98.8 t | 122.5 t | 99.2 t | 127.5 t |
| Rigid wheelbase | 2.36 m | |||
| Axle load | 21.9 t | 22.9 t | 21.8 t | 23.6 t |
| Water capacity | 13,627 l | 20,820 l | 11,356 l | 21,198 l |
| Fuel capacity | 6.8 t (coal) | 11.3 t (coal) | 6.8 t (coal) | 11.8 t (coal) |
Boiler
| Property | D16 | D16b | D16c, D16d | D16sb |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Grate area | 3.066 m² | 3.084 m² | ||
| Firebox surface | 15.924 m² | 15.487 m² | 15.441 m² | 16.815 m² |
| Tube heating surface | 162.265 m² | 161.029 m² | 161.075 m² | 113.249 m² |
| Evaporative heating surface | 178.188 m² | 176.516 m² | 130.064 m² | |
| Total heating surface | 178.2 m² | 176.5 m² | 153.6 m² | |
| Superheater surface | 23.504 m² | |||
Power plant
| Property | D16 | D16b | D16c, D16d | D16sb |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Driver diameter | 1,727 mm | 2,032 mm | 1,727 mm | |
| Boiler pressure | 12.8 bar | 12.1 bar | ||
| Expansion type | simple expansion | |||
| Cylinders | two, 394 x 660 mm | two, 470 x 660 mm | two, 521 x 660 mm | |
Power
| Property | D16 | D16b | D16c, D16d | D16sb |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Power source | steam | |||
| Estimated power | 671 kW (912 PS) | 932 kW (1,267 PS) | ||
| Starting effort | 64.3 kN | 91.5 kN | 77.8 kN | 106.3 kN |
Calculated values
| Property | D16 | D16b | D16c, D16d | D16sb |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Factor of adhesion | 1 : 6.48 | 1 : 4.72 | 1 : 5.43 | 1 : 4.11 |
| Optimal speed | 64 km/h | 45 km/h | 53 km/h | |
| Power-to-weight ratio | 10.9 kW/t | 10.7 kW/t | 14.5 kW/t | |
| Heating Surface Equivalent | 257.8 m² | 254.0 m² | 253.7 m² | 261.1 m² |
| Cylinder volume/HSE | 1 : 623.68 | 1 : 901.96 | 1 : 902.78 | 1 : 1,077.00 |
| Adhesive weight/Total | 1 : 1.45 | 1 : 1.42 | 1 : 1.46 | 1 : 1.45 |
| Tractive force/Heating surface | 1 : 7.53 | 1 : 10.83 | 1 : 9.21 | 1 : 14.46 |
| Grate area/Heating surface | 1 : 58.12 | 1 : 57.57 | 1 : 49.80 | |
| Firebox/Tube surface | 1 : 10.19 | 1 : 10.40 | 1 : 10.43 | 1 : 6.73 |
| Total/Superheater | 1 : 5.53 | |||