Philadelphia & Reading class D-8
The class D-8 consisted of 20 4-4-0 Camelback locomotives built in the Reading's own shops between 1898 and 1911. They were ordered after George W. Cushing had been unable to persuade the railroad that conventional narrow firebox locomotives were better than anthracite-burning Camelbacks with Wootten fireboxes. So they were built again with the same firebox as the D-5 with a grate area of 76 square feet, but a longer boiler barrel.
The first seven D-8a were built in 1898 and had drivers of 68.5 inches and a boiler pressure of 160 psi. Five years later the Reading built three D-8b which had the same boiler, but drivers of 74 inches, a pressure of 200 psi and a cylinder diameter that had been increased by half an inch. The ten D-8c built in 1911 again had smaller drivers of 68.5 inches, a larger firebox and tubes with a greater diameter.
In 1920 and 1922, five D-8c were superheated and designated D-8sd. In the same process, their Stephenson valve gear was replaced by one of the Walschaerts type. Most non-superheated locomotives were gone by the mid-thirties. The last D-8c survived until 1940 and the D-8sd were retired some years later.
Technical data
General
| Property | D-8a | D-8b | D-8c | rebuilt D-8sd |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Built | 1898 | 1903 | 1911 | 1920, 1922 |
| Manufacturers | Reading | |||
| Wheel arrangement | 4-4-0 (American) | |||
| Gauge | 1,435 mm (Standard gauge) | |||
Dimensions and weights
| Property | D-8a | D-8b | D-8c | rebuilt D-8sd |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Length loco | 11.06 m | 11.50 m | 11.51 m | 11.58 m |
| Wheelbase | 6.73 m | 6.93 m | 7.09 m | |
| Service mass | 61.3 t | 69.9 t | 75.7 t | 77 t |
| Adhesion mass | 43.7 t | 48.4 t | 52.3 t | 54.7 t |
| Total mass | 110.3 t | 133.4 t | 139.2 t | 146 t |
| Rigid wheelbase | 2.29 m | 2.44 m | ||
| Water capacity | 22,712 l | 26,498 l | ||
| Fuel capacity | 9.1 t (coal) | 10.9 t (coal) | ||
Boiler
| Property | D-8a | D-8b | D-8c | rebuilt D-8sd |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Grate area | 7.061 m² | |||
| Firebox surface | 15.143 m² | 19.603 m² | ||
| Tube heating surface | 134.802 m² | 168.433 m² | 109.44 m² | |
| Evaporative heating surface | 149.946 m² | 188.036 m² | 129.042 m² | |
| Total heating surface | 149.9 m² | 188.0 m² | 158.3 m² | |
| Superheater surface | 29.264 m² | |||
Power plant
| Property | D-8a | D-8b | D-8c | rebuilt D-8sd |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Driver diameter | 1,740 mm | 1,880 mm | 1,740 mm | |
| Boiler pressure | 11 bar | 13.8 bar | ||
| Expansion type | simple expansion | |||
| Cylinders | two, 495 x 610 mm | two, 508 x 610 mm | two, 533 x 610 mm | |
Power
| Property | D-8a | D-8b | D-8c | rebuilt D-8sd |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Power source | steam | |||
| Estimated power | 895 kW (1,217 PS) | 1,044 kW (1,419 PS) | 1,081 kW (1,470 PS) | |
| Starting effort | 80.6 kN | 98.1 kN | 106.0 kN | 116.8 kN |
Calculated values
| Property | D-8a | D-8b | D-8c | rebuilt D-8sd |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Factor of adhesion | 1 : 5.32 | 1 : 4.84 | 1 : 4.60 | |
| Optimal speed | 68 km/h | 64 km/h | 63 km/h | 56 km/h |
| Power-to-weight ratio | 14.6 kW/t | 14.9 kW/t | 14.3 kW/t | 14.0 kW/t |
| Heating Surface Equivalent | 225.7 m² | 286.1 m² | 285.6 m² | |
| Cylinder volume/HSE | 1 : 1,040.99 | 1 : 1,095.06 | 1 : 863.87 | 1 : 953.97 |
| Adhesive weight/Total | 1 : 1.40 | 1 : 1.45 | 1 : 1.41 | |
| Tractive force/Heating surface | 1 : 11.23 | 1 : 13.66 | 1 : 11.77 | 1 : 15.41 |
| Grate area/Heating surface | 1 : 21.24 | 1 : 26.63 | 1 : 22.42 | |
| Firebox/Tube surface | 1 : 8.90 | 1 : 8.59 | 1 : 5.58 | |
| Total/Superheater | 1 : 4.41 | |||