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Electric Multiple Units with Power Cars[Inhalt]
Amtrak Avelia Liberty
United States | 2019
more than 28 produced
Avelia Liberty on a June 2020 test drive near Claymont, Delaware
Avelia Liberty on a June 2020 test drive near Claymont, Delaware
Simon Brugel
General
Built2019-2022
ManufacturerAlstom
Axle configB-B+2-2-2-2-2-2-2-2-2-2+B-B
Gauge4 ft 8 1/2 in (Standard gauge)
Seats378
Dimensions and Weights
Length698 ft 5 1/2 in
Boiler
Power Plant
Power
Power sourceelectric - AC
Electric system12,000 V 25 Hz, 12,000 V 60 Hz, 25,000 V 60 Hz
Continuous power9,387 hp (7,000 kW)
Top speed160 mph
Calculated Values
EMU
high speed train
power cars
British Rail class 370 “APT-P”
Great Britain | 1977
3 produced
Shortened 370 004 with only one power car being pushed through crowds at Rainhill in May 1980
Shortened 370 004 with only one power car being pushed through crowds at Rainhill in May 1980
Barry Lewis
General
Built1977-1980
ManufacturerBREL
Axle config2-2-2-2-2-2-2+B-B+B-B+2-2-2-2-2-2-2 
Gauge4 ft 8 1/2 in (Standard gauge)
Dimensions and Weights
Length964 ft 1 in
Wheelbase52 ft 2 in
Empty weight956,480 lbs
Boiler
Power Plant
Power
Power sourceelectric - AC
Electric system25,000 V 50 Hz
Hourly power8,046 hp (6,000 kW)
Top speed155 mph
Calculated Values
EMU
long distance
high speed train
prototype
tilting
China Railway CR200J
China | 2017
144 produced
Train D6635 to Beidaihe in February 2019 near Liuzhou, Guangxi
Train D6635 to Beidaihe in February 2019 near Liuzhou, Guangxi
N509FZ
Variant7 trailers + control car16 trailers
General
Builtsince 2017
ManufacturerCRRC Nanjing Puzhen, CRRC Qingdao Sifang, CRRC Tangshan, CRRC Zhuzhou, CRRC Datong, CRRC Dalian
Axle configB-B+2-2+2-2+2-2+2-2+2-2+2-2+2-2+2-2 B-B+2-2+2-2+2-2+2-2+2-2+2-2+2-2+2-2+2-2+2-2+2-2+2-2+2-2+2-2+2-2+2-2+B-B 
Gauge4 ft 8 1/2 in (Standard gauge)
Seats7201.102
Dimensions and Weights
Length767 ft 8 5/8 in1469 ft 9 13/16 in
Rigid wheelbase9 ft 2 1/4 in
Service weight981,056 lbs2,566,178 lbs
Boiler
Variant7 trailers + control car16 trailers
Power Plant
Power
Power sourceelectric - AC
Electric system25,000 V 50 Hz
Continuous power7,510 hp (5,600 kW)15,019 hp (11,200 kW)
Top speed130 mph
Calculated Values
EMU
power cars
long distance
regional
China Railway DJJ1
China | 2000
8 produced
In service on the Guangzhou-Shenzhen line
In service on the Guangzhou-Shenzhen line
Mìníhei píjiu
Variant5 trailers + control car10 trailers
General
Built2000-2001
ManufacturerZhuzhou Electric Locomotive Works
Axle configB-B+2-2+2-2+2-2+2-2+2-2+2-2 B-B+2-2+2-2+2-2+2-2+2-2+2-2+2-2+2-2+2-2+2-2+B-B 
Gauge4 ft 8 1/2 in (Standard gauge)
Seats423752
Dimensions and Weights
Length568 ft 7 13/16 in971 ft 1 9/16 in
Adhesive weight171,960 lbs343,921 lbs
Axle load42,990 lbs
Boiler
Variant5 trailers + control car10 trailers
Power Plant
Power
Power sourceelectric - AC
Electric system25,000 V 50 Hz
Continuous power6,437 hp (4,800 kW)12,874 hp (9,600 kW)
Top speed130 mph
Starting effort47,435 lbf94,869 lbf
Calculated Values
EMU
power cars
high speed train
long distance
China Railway DJJ2
China | 2002
only one produced
A power car with three trailers at the China Railway Museum
A power car with three trailers at the China Railway Museum
Sky Wing Sky
General
Built2002
ManufacturerZhuzhou Electric Locomotive Works
Axle configB-B+2-2+2-2+2-2+2-2+2-2+2-2+2-2+2-2+2-2+B-B 
Gauge4 ft 8 1/2 in (Standard gauge)
Seats772
Dimensions and Weights
Length895 ft 4 1/8 in
Rigid wheelbase9 ft 10 1/8 in
Empty weight1,216,950 lbs
Service weight1,494,732 lbs
Adhesive weight343,921 lbs
Total weight42,990 lbs
Boiler
Power Plant
Power
Power sourceelectric - AC
Electric system25,000 V 50 Hz
Continuous power12,874 hp (9,600 kW)
Top speed168 mph
Starting effort89,924 lbf
Calculated Values
EMU
power cars
high speed train
long distance
DB AG ICE 2
class 402
Germany | 1994
44 produced
ICE with power car 402 007 in July 2015 near Angermund
ICE with power car 402 007 in July 2015 near Angermund
Rob Dammers

Since the large capacity of the ICE 1 proved to be too inflexible with lower passenger numbers, a train half as long was tendered. The tender was won by a consortium whose members partly corresponded to the manufacturers of the ICE 1. The ICE 2 consists of a powered end car, six trailers and a control car. The power car largely corresponds to that of the ICE 1 and additionally has a Scharfenberg coupling to couple two trains together if necessary. The weight of the trailers has been significantly reduced compared to the predecessor. Between 2010 and 2013 the trains underwent a redesign so that they can still be used until 2030 or longer.

General
Built1994-1998
ManufacturerArbeitsgemeinschaft ICE 2
Axle configB-B+2-2+2-2+2-2+2-2+2-2+2-2+2-2 
Gauge4 ft 8 1/2 in (Standard gauge)
Seats368
Dimensions and Weights
Length673 ft 9 1/16 in
Rigid wheelbase9 ft 10 1/8 in
Empty weight908,303 lbs
Service weight1,003,102 lbs
Adhesive weight170,858 lbs
Axle load42,990 lbs
Boiler
Power Plant
Power
Power sourceelectric - AC
Electric system15.000 V 16⅔ Hz
Continuous power6,437 hp (4,800 kW)
Top speed174 mph
Starting effort44,962 lbf
Calculated Values
EMU
high speed train
power cars
long distance
ICE
last changed: 02/2023
German Federal Railway ICE 1
class 401
Germany | 1989
60 produced
ICE 1 with power car 401 566 ahead in June 2011
ICE 1 with power car 401 566 ahead in June 2011
Hugh Llewelyn

The ICE 1 was the first mass-produced high-speed train in Germany. It was created in the 1980s when the TGV was growing in popularity in France and the Shinkansen had been operating in Japan for several decades. It is a train set consisting of one power car without seats at each end of the train and non-powered coaches. For this reason, the German term “Triebkopf” (“traction head”) is used for the motor cars.

This was preceded by the InterCityExperimental, which was built only once in 1983. In 1988, a world record for rail vehicles was set at 406.9 km/h.

The basis for the power cars was the class 120, which was the first series-produced locomotive in Germany to be powered by three-phase motors. When not worn, the wheels have a relatively small diameter of 1,040 mm. This made it possible to keep the overall height of the powered end cars at the same level as the coaches to ensure a uniform appearance of the train. Braking is usually done by means of dynamic brakes in the power cars and disc brakes in all coaches. All cars also have magnetic track brakes only for emergency braking.

The sets are approved for speeds of 280 km/h, but were initially only used up to 250 km/h after they went into service in 1991. From 1995 they were allowed to operate at their maximum permitted speed as planned, but this was reversed three years later. Only since 2006 have some been running again at 280 km/h.

A number of nine to 14 coaches can be selected for the train formation, which was often used in the beginning. It should be noted, however, that a train with the maximum number of cars only allows operation up to 250 km/h due to the limited power. All ICE 1 trains now have twelve coaches, consisting of three first-class cars, a dining car (on-board restaurant) and seven second-class cars.

The power cars are forming the class 401, with the running number of one being 500 higher than that of the other. The first and second class coaches form the classes 801 and 802, the second class coaches with a service compartment form the class 803 and the dining cars form the class 804.

From 1989, the first lot of 41 sets was produced, followed by a further 19 pieces until 1993. Later, some ICE 2 cars were ordered for the ICE 1 because there were temporarily too few seats in second class.

One train was destroyed in the serious accident in Eschede in 1998, apart from this all the others are still in use, which were redesigned between 2005 and 2008. This not only included a comprehensive technical overhaul, especially of the power cars, but also a conversion of the passenger compartments to a modern design. At the same time, the number of seats was increased, but this was at the expense of comfort. On its previous routes, the ICE 1 has been replaced by the ICE 4 since 2017, but thanks to another modernization campaign started in 2019, the ICE 1 will still run until around 2030.

General
Built1989-1993
Manufacturermechanical part: Henschel, Krauss-Maffei, Krupp, electrical part: AEG, ABB, Siemens
Axle configB-B+2-2+2-2+2-2+2-2+2-2+2-2+2-2+2-2+2-2+2-2+2-2+2-2+B-B 
Gauge4 ft 8 1/2 in (Standard gauge)
Seats703
Dimensions and Weights
Length1174 ft 3 5/16 in
Empty weight1,752,673 lbs
Service weight1,988,567 lbs
Adhesive weight352,739 lbs
Axle load44,092 lbs
Boiler
Power Plant
Power
Power sourceelectric - AC
Electric system15.000 V 16⅔ Hz
Continuous power12,874 hp (9,600 kW)
Top speed174 mph
Starting effort89,924 lbf
Calculated Values
EMU
high speed train
power cars
long distance
ICE
last changed: 02/2022
German Federal Railway ICE/V
Germany | 1985
only one produced
The train directly after delivery in September 1985 on the Karlsfeld-Olching line
The train directly after delivery in September 1985 on the Karlsfeld-Olching line
Marc Voß
General
Built1985
Manufacturermechanical part: Henschel, Krauss-Maffei, Krupp, electrical part: AEG, BBC, Siemens
Axle configB-B+2-2+2-2+2-2+B-B 
Gauge4 ft 8 1/2 in (Standard gauge)
Seats87
Dimensions and Weights
Length374 ft 0 3/16 in
Empty weight658,079 lbs
Adhesive weight344,803 lbs
Axle load43,211 lbs
Boiler
Power Plant
Power
Power sourceelectric - AC
Electric system15.000 V 16⅔ Hz
Continuous power9,763 hp (7,280 kW)
Top speed217 mph
Starting effort60,698 lbf
Calculated Values
EMU
high speed train
power cars
long distance
prototype
ICE
Italian State Railway ETR 500
Italy | 1992
57 produced
ETR 500 in October 2015 exiting Rome-Tiburtina station northbound
ETR 500 in October 2015 exiting Rome-Tiburtina station northbound
Nelso Silva

For the Florence-Rome high-speed line, which was completed in 1991, the FS procured the ETR 500 from a consortium called TREVI. This has power cars at both ends and is designed for a top speed of 300 km/h. Since this line is operated with 3,000 volts direct current and therefore the total transferable power is limited, the first series trains, known as “Monotensione”, only reached 250 km/h.

From the year 2000 onwards, additional power cars were built that are multi-system capable for new high-speed lines with 25 kV alternating current and are therefore referred to as “Politensione”. Some of these received the trailers of first generation trains, while the older power cars are used with conventional IC cars up to 200 km/h. The newer trains now run in the Frecciarossa train type.

VariantMonotensione 11 trailersPolitensione 8 trailersPolitensione 12 trailers
General
Built1992-19962000-2005
ManufacturerTREVI
Axle configB-B+2-2+2-2+2-2+2-2+2-2+2-2+2-2+2-2+2-2+2-2+2-2+B-BB-B+2-2+2-2+2-2+2-2+2-2+2-2+2-2+2-2+B-B B-B+2-2+2-2+2-2+2-2+2-2+2-2+2-2+2-2+2-2+2-2+2-2+2-2+B-B 
Gauge4 ft 8 1/2 in (Standard gauge)
Seats656404671
Dimensions and Weights
Length1074 ft 9 5/8 in817 ft 10 15/16 in1162 ft 6 in
Length loco67 ft 5 5/8 in
Rigid wheelbase9 ft 10 1/8 in
Empty weight1,318,363 lbs1,005,307 lbs1,410,957 lbs
Adhesive weight299,828 lbs
Axle load37,479 lbs
Boiler
VariantMonotensione 11 trailersPolitensione 8 trailersPolitensione 12 trailers
Power Plant
Power
Power sourceelectric - DCelectric - AC/DC
Electric system3,000 V25,000 V 50 Hz, 3,000 V, 1,500 V
Continuous power11,801 hp (8,800 kW)
Top speed155 mph186 mph
Starting effort76,435 lbf
Calculated Values
EMU
power cars
long distance
high speed train
last changed: 03/2024
Spanish State Railways series 102 and 112 (Talgo 350)
Spain | 2000
46 produced
Train entering Valladolid train station
Train entering Valladolid train station
oSiRis Naref

The RENFE series 102 and 112 are high-speed trains, which are referred to as “Talgo 350” due to the design speed of 350 km/h. The power cars are derived from the ICE 1 and were built by Adtranz/Bombardier. Due to their special, aerodynamically optimized shape, they were nicknamed “El Pato” (the duck). The coaches are derived from the Talgo 7 and each have a single-axle bogie with passive tilting technology between two cars.

The first series of 16 sets was delivered between 2000 and 2004. They have twelve coaches with seats in three classes and a bar car. There are several kitchens scattered throughout the train. Between 2008 and 2010, 30 additional sets were delivered, which have a larger number of seats thanks to only two classes and one less kitchen. Due to these changes, these sets were designated series 112.

Variant102112
General
Built2000, 2003-20042008-2010
ManufacturerTalgo, Bombardier
Axle configB-B+1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1+B-B 
Gauge4 ft 8 1/2 in (Standard gauge)
Seats316363
Dimensions and Weights
Length656 ft 2 in
Wheelbase44 ft 9 3/8 in
Rigid wheelbase8 ft 8 5/16 in
Empty weight731,934 lbs
Service weight787,049 lbs
Adhesive weight299,828 lbs
Axle load37,479 lbs
Boiler
Variant102112
Power Plant
Power
Power sourceelectric - AC
Electric system25,000 V 50 Hz
Continuous power10,728 hp (8,000 kW)
Top speed205 mph
Starting effort53,954 lbf
Calculated Values
EMU
long distance
high speed train
tilting
last changed: 02/2024
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