Anthracite is considered the highest quality coal of all. It contains hardly any volatile components and a very high proportion of carbon. For this reason, it not only has a high calorific value and burns for a very long time, but also burns almost without smoke and leaves hardly any ash and slag. For these reasons, it has long been used as domestic fuel.
Traditionally, steam locomotives use softer types of coal that burn faster. In Pennsylvania, however, large quantities of anthracite were mined and fragments (culm) were left over as waste, which could hardly be used industrially. A very large grate surface was required to burn these fragments in a steam locomotive. Since an excessively long grate was very difficult to load with coal by hand, a very wide firebox had to be used instead. John E. Wootten then developed the firebox named after him, which, with its great width, allowed a large, thin layer of anthracite to be slowly burned off.
![The class L! of the Erie was the largest Camelback locomotive](./data/photos/Erie_L1.jpg)
The class L! of the Erie was the largest Camelback locomotive
Since the cab was usually located behind the firebox, the forward view of the track was restricted. The solution was a driver's cab that lay like a saddle on the boiler in front of the firebox. The driver now had a clear view of the track, while the fireman continued to stand on a covered platform at the back of the boiler. Communication between the two people was now only possible by means of whistle signals.
Despite the disadvantages, more and more of these Camelback steam locomotives appeared in the vicinity of the anthracite mining areas in Pennsylvania in the 1890s, since the anthracite fragments could be obtained very cheaply. These ranged from small switchers to passenger locomotives to the Erie Railroad's L-1 class eight-axle Mallet. In the field of passenger transport, some railroads used the clean and smoke-free combustion of anthracite coal in their advertising campaigns to raise public awareness.
Around 1910, mechanical stokers, which could distribute the coal evenly over a long grate, became popular in the USA. At the same time, more and more locomotives with trailing axles were being developed, in which long fireboxes that were no longer quite as wide could easily be implemented. Another factor that hastened the Camelback's demise was safety concerns over the cab's location above the connecting and coupling rods. It was feared that in the event of a defect, loose steel parts would pose a danger to the life of the driver. Thus, the production of this type of locomotive ended within a few years. Since many Camelbacks were rebuilt into conventional locomotives, only five known representatives of this type exist today.
The locomotives later grouped together in the class E-1 were a total of ten Camelback consolidations that the Delaware & Hudson procured in 1898 and 1899 for burning loose anthracite coal. Three were created by rebuilding a 4-4-0 and two 2-6-0. Seven others were newly built by Dickson and initially designated class U-II before becoming class E-1a.
The Wootten firebox already created a grate area of 80.3 square feet. In addition to the direct radiant area of 170 square feet, it contained a further 104 square feet in so-called “water bars”. One example of the class was built as a compound locomotive with comparatively large cylinders with a diameter of 23 and 34 inches. It was later simpled and scrapped along with its E-1 and E-1a class sisters between 1927 and 1928.
General |
Built | 1898 |
Manufacturer | Dickson |
Axle config | 2-8-0 (Consolidation) |
Gauge | 4 ft 8 1/2 in (Standard gauge) |
Dimensions and Weights |
Wheelbase | 23 ft 2 in |
Rigid wheelbase | 16 ft 4 in |
Total wheelbase | 51 ft |
Service weight | 150,100 lbs |
Adhesive weight | 134,500 lbs |
Total weight | 234,600 lbs |
Axle load | 33,625 lbs |
Water capacity | 4,000 us gal |
Fuel capacity | 14,000 lbs (coal) |
Boiler |
Grate area | 80.3 sq ft |
Firebox area | 274 sq ft |
Tube heating area | 1,712 sq ft |
Evaporative heating area | 1,986 sq ft |
Total heating area | 1,986 sq ft |
Power Plant |
Driver diameter | 56 in |
Boiler pressure | 180 psi |
Expansion type | simple |
Cylinders | two, 20 x 26 in |
Power |
Power source | steam |
Estimated power | 1,500 hp (1,119 kW) |
Optimal speed | 34 mph |
Starting effort | 28,414 lbf |
Calculated Values |
Factor of adhesion | 1 : 4.74 |
Power-to-weight ratio | 0.0100 hp/lb |
Heating Area Equivalent | 3,356 sq ft |
Cylinder volume/HAE | 1 : 858.63 |
Adhesive weight/Total | 1 : 1.12 |
Tractive force/Heating area | 1 : 3216.37 |
Grate area/Heating area | 1 : 21.32 |
Firebox/Tube area | 1 : 6.25 |
For local trains, the Lackawanna needed a passenger locomotive that would combine the ability to burn culm, what denotes waste from anthracite mining, with the simplest possible maintenance and high tractive effort. It received a Wootten firebox, the grate of which was extraordinarily large in relation to the heating surface and, at 87,7 square feet, was probably one of the largest ever on a 4-4-0. This required a two-part Camelback cab. In order to achieve the required traction, the cylinders were dimensioned sufficiently and at the same time a moderately large driving wheel diameter was selected. The construction of the locomotive itself was kept as simple as possible.
Initially they were classified in the class 19C, but soon received new class designations with “G” for the 4-4-0 wheel arrangement. The first three series consisted of a total of 27 locomotives and were delivered by ALCO-Schenectady between 1901 and 1903. Although they were almost identical in construction, they received the class designations G-2, G-3 and G-4. All other production lots differed in details and became the G-5 to G-9. Of these, 15 were initially delivered by Baldwin in 1904 before ALCO-Schenectady delivered 12 more in 1905 and finally the last 11 in 1910 and 1911.
Two examples of the class G-6 were equipped with superheaters of Cole type ex works and formed the class G-7. Since the lubrication was not easy to implement with this, this type of superheater was soon removed again. Between 1916 and 1921 many of the locomotives were again fitted with a superheater, but this time a Schmidt type. There were again slight differences in these conversions, which was reflected in the addition of an “a” or “b” after the class names. A single locomotive was given cylinders with a diameter of 21 instead of 20 inches, which earned it the different designation G-10b.
![G-6a No. 952 in April 1939 in Kingsland, New Jersey](./data/photos/DLW_19C_2.jpg)
G-6a No. 952 in April 1939 in Kingsland, New Jersey
James Bowie / collection Taylor Rush
Even the saturated version developed a high power compared to other locomotives with the 4-4-0 wheel arrangement and could haul trains with six cars at an average of 40 mph on the existing mountain routes. Nevertheless, they later had to be put into service for suburban trains, since their tractive power soon no longer met the increased requirements. Ten locomotives were converted to conventional driver's cabs in the 1920s and thus survived somewhat longer than their non-converted sisters. Most were retired just before World War II.
Variant | as built | rebuilt G2a to G-6a |
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General |
Built | 1901-1911 | 1916-1921 |
Manufacturer | ALCO, Baldwin |
Axle config | 4-4-0 (American) |
Gauge | 4 ft 8 1/2 in (Standard gauge) |
Dimensions and Weights |
Wheelbase | 24 ft 5 in |
Rigid wheelbase | 8 ft 6 in |
Total wheelbase | 51 ft 5 in |
Service weight | 151,200 lbs | 159,200 lbs |
Adhesive weight | 100,000 lbs | 106,400 lbs |
Total weight | 271,200 lbs | 275,100 lbs |
Axle load | 50,000 lbs | 53,200 lbs |
Water capacity | 5,000 us gal |
Fuel capacity | 20,000 lbs (coal) |
Boiler |
Grate area | 87.7 sq ft |
Firebox area | 192 sq ft | 165 sq ft |
Tube heating area | 1,950 sq ft | 1,426 sq ft |
Evaporative heating area | 2,142 sq ft | 1,591 sq ft |
Superheater area | | 340 sq ft |
Total heating area | 2,142 sq ft | 1,931 sq ft |
Power Plant |
Driver diameter | 69 in |
Boiler pressure | 185 psi |
Expansion type | simple |
Cylinders | two, 20 x 26 in |
Power |
Power source | steam |
Estimated power | 1,600 hp (1,193 kW) |
Optimal speed | 43 mph |
Starting effort | 23,701 lbf |
Calculated Values |
Factor of adhesion | 1 : 4.22 | 1 : 4.49 |
Power-to-weight ratio | 0.0106 hp/lb | 0.0100 hp/lb |
Heating Area Equivalent | 3,102 sq ft | 3,096 sq ft |
Cylinder volume/HAE | 1 : 928.94 | 1 : 930.73 |
Adhesive weight/Total | 1 : 1.51 | 1 : 1.50 |
Tractive force/Heating area | 1 : 2487.48 | 1 : 2759.29 |
Grate area/Heating area | 1 : 22.23 | 1 : 20.14 |
Firebox/Tube area | 1 : 10.16 | 1 : 10.70 |
Total/Superheater | | 1 : 4.68 |
The class E-1 of the Erie Railroad consisted of 29 Atlantic express locomotives built by Baldwin between 1899 and 1901 and rated for speeds of 100 mph. They were Camelback locomotives with a square Wootten firebox measuring 96 by 96 inches.
Propulsion was provided by a Vauclain compound engine, i.e. with high and low pressure cylinders one above the other. A rebuild began as early as 1904, in which the four cylinders were replaced by two cylinders with simple expansion. One also increased the distance between the tube sheets by six inches to increase the heating surface area.
General |
Built | 1899-1901 | 1904-1906 |
Manufacturer | Baldwin |
Axle config | 4-4-2 (Atlantic) |
Gauge | 4 ft 8 1/2 in (Standard gauge) |
Dimensions and Weights |
Wheelbase | 24 ft 9 in |
Rigid wheelbase | 6 ft 7 in |
Total wheelbase | 52 ft 9 1/2 in |
Service weight | 142,000 lbs | 155,100 lbs |
Adhesive weight | 82,000 lbs | 75,800 lbs |
Total weight | 258,800 lbs | 271,900 lbs |
Axle load | | 41,800 lbs |
Water capacity | 6,000 us gal |
Fuel capacity | 24,000 lbs (coal) |
Boiler |
Grate area | 64 sq ft |
Firebox area | 160 sq ft |
Tube heating area | 2,110 sq ft | 2,171 sq ft |
Evaporative heating area | 2,270 sq ft | 2,331 sq ft |
Total heating area | 2,270 sq ft | 2,331 sq ft |
Power Plant |
Driver diameter | 76 in |
Boiler pressure | 200 psi |
Expansion type | compound | simple |
Cylinders | four, HP: 13 x 26 in and LP: 22 x 26 in | two, 18 x 26 in |
Power |
Power source | steam |
Estimated power | 1,500 hp (1,119 kW) | 1,525 hp (1,137 kW) |
Optimal speed | 66 mph | 52 mph |
Top speed | 100 mph |
Starting effort | 14,570 lbf | 18,843 lbf |
with start valve | 17,484 lbf | |
Calculated Values |
Factor of adhesion | 1 : 4.69 | 1 : 4.02 |
Power-to-weight ratio | 0.0106 hp/lb | 0.0098 hp/lb |
Heating Area Equivalent | 3,070 sq ft | 3,131 sq ft |
Cylinder volume/HAE | 1 : 964.41 | 1 : 945.62 |
Adhesive weight/Total | 1 : 1.73 | 1 : 2.05 |
Tractive force/Heating area | 1 : 1731.52 | 1 : 1817.28 |
Grate area/Heating area | 1 : 32.97 | 1 : 33.92 |
Firebox/Tube area | 1 : 13.19 | 1 : 13.57 |
HP/LP cylinders | 1 : 2.86 | |
In the early years of the twentieth century, Mallet locomotives served only as an articulated solution for narrow-gauge railways. The L-1 of the Erie Railroad of 1907 was one of the first to show that very large freight locomotives could also be built with the Mallet principle. At the time it was commissioned, it was the largest and most powerful locomotive in the world. Since it was only intended as a pusher locomotive and did not have to reach high speeds, there was no need for leading or trailing axles. Thus, all eight axles were available as adhesive weight. The wheel arrangement was soon called “Angus”.
![No. 2601](./data/photos/Erie_L1.jpg)
No. 2601
A Wooten firebox with a grate area of 100 square feet was used to maximize the energy yield from low-grade coal. In order to still ensure a good view for the engineer, the L-1 was built as a camelback engine and thus had the cab above the rearmost axle of the front bogie. It was the only camelback Mallet ever built.
![Schematic drawing](./data/photos/Erie_L1_3.jpg)
Schematic drawing
Railway and Locomotive Engineering, September 1907
Only three examples were built, which were used on the Delaware and Susquehanna divisions to push trains up a 1.3 percent incline. They were rebuilt to a more conventional form in 1921. The cab was moved to the rear and two carrying axles were added, whereby they now had the wheel arrangement 2-8-8-2.
General |
Built | 1907 |
Manufacturer | ALCO |
Axle config | 0-8-8-0 (Angus (Mallet)) |
Gauge | 4 ft 8 1/2 in (Standard gauge) |
Dimensions and Weights |
Length | 84 ft 9 3/4 in |
Wheelbase | 39 ft 2 in |
Rigid wheelbase | 14 ft 3 in |
Total wheelbase | 70 ft 5 in |
Service weight | 410,000 lbs |
Adhesive weight | 410,000 lbs |
Total weight | 577,700 lbs |
Axle load | 54,100 lbs |
Water capacity | 8,500 us gal |
Fuel capacity | 32,000 lbs (coal) |
Boiler |
Grate area | 100 sq ft |
Firebox area | 348.3 sq ft |
Tube heating area | 4,965.7 sq ft |
Evaporative heating area | 5,314 sq ft |
Total heating area | 5,314 sq ft |
Power Plant |
Driver diameter | 51 in |
Boiler pressure | 215 psi |
Expansion type | compound |
Cylinders | four, HP: 25 x 28 in and LP: 39 x 28 in |
Power |
Power source | steam |
Estimated power | 3,000 hp (2,237 kW) |
Optimal speed | 22 mph |
Starting effort | 88,890 lbf |
with start valve | 106,668 lbf |
Calculated Values |
Factor of adhesion | 1 : 3.85 |
Power-to-weight ratio | 0.0073 hp/lb |
Heating Area Equivalent | 7,055.5 sq ft |
Cylinder volume/HAE | 1 : 1523.45 |
Adhesive weight/Total | 1 : 1.00 |
Tractive force/Heating area | 1 : 4512.59 |
Grate area/Heating area | 1 : 49.66 |
Firebox/Tube area | 1 : 14.26 |
HP/LP cylinders | 1 : 2.43 |
View model on YouTube
Parallel to the five 4-4-0 with the numbers 659 to 663, the Lehigh Valley had five 4-6-0 built by Baldwin in 1895 and gave them the numbers 708 to 712. These were all Camelbacks and were nearly identical apart from the additional driving axle. They were completed by 20 other 4-6-0 with a slightly smaller boiler. The first of those also got a driver diameter of 68 inches, while the other 15 only had 62 inches.
Later when the new class scheme was adopted, they all got the prefix J, what denoted their wheel arrangement. The locomotives with 62 inch drivers were classed into class J-42, while the ones with 68 inches became class J-43. After rebuilds which changed boiler pressure and cylinder size, they were designated classes J-49 to J-52. The last ones were scrapped in 1930.
Variant | 708-712 | 753-757 | 758-772 |
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General |
Built | 1895 | 1896 |
Manufacturer | Baldwin |
Axle config | 4-6-0 (Ten-wheeler) |
Gauge | 4 ft 8 1/2 in (Standard gauge) |
Dimensions and Weights |
Wheelbase | 22 ft 11 in |
Rigid wheelbase | 12 ft |
Service weight | 130,000 lbs | 136,000 lbs |
Adhesive weight | 100,000 lbs | 106,000 lbs |
Total weight | 214,000 lbs | 220,000 lbs |
Axle load | 33,335 lbs | 35,335 lbs |
Water capacity | 4,000 us gal |
Fuel capacity | coal |
Boiler |
Grate area | 67 sq ft |
Firebox area | 157 sq ft | 150 sq ft |
Tube heating area | 1,758 sq ft | 1,712 sq ft |
Evaporative heating area | 1,915 sq ft | 1,862 sq ft |
Total heating area | 1,915 sq ft | 1,862 sq ft |
Power Plant |
Driver diameter | 68 in | 62 in |
Boiler pressure | 160 psi |
Expansion type | simple |
Cylinders | two, 20 x 24 in |
Power |
Power source | steam |
Estimated power | 1,150 hp (858 kW) | 1,100 hp (820 kW) |
Optimal speed | 38 mph | 37 mph | 33 mph |
Starting effort | 19,200 lbf | 21,058 lbf |
Calculated Values |
Factor of adhesion | 1 : 5.21 | 1 : 5.52 | 1 : 5.04 |
Power-to-weight ratio | 0.0089 hp/lb | 0.0081 hp/lb |
Heating Area Equivalent | 2,700 sq ft | 2,612 sq ft |
Cylinder volume/HAE | 1 : 985.13 | 1 : 1018.34 |
Adhesive weight/Total | 1 : 1.30 | 1 : 1.28 |
Tractive force/Heating area | 1 : 2253.96 | 1 : 2318.11 | 1 : 2542.43 |
Grate area/Heating area | 1 : 26.24 | 1 : 25.55 |
Firebox/Tube area | 1 : 11.20 | 1 : 11.41 |
The Lehigh Valley had the ability to source large quantities of smaller fragments of anthracite coal as residues from the processing operation at less than a dollar a ton. In order to be able to use these as fuel for steam locomotives, the camelback design was used with a very wide firebox, which included a large grate area. From 1904, a larger series of ten-wheelers was produced, which were suitable for use in front of fast freight trains in the lowlands and heavy local trains.
The locomotives were designed so heavy that the axle load was just suitable for high speeds. The large firebox was a slightly modified Wootten type and did not have a combustion chamber. The load on the individual coupled axles was distributed more rear-heavy to get better traction when starting. The initial wheel diameter of 68.5 inches represented a good compromise between higher speeds and a tractive effort of more than 30,000 pounds.
There were some changes during production, for example the wheel diameter was increased to 69 inches. While the boiler initially had 378 tubes, this number was reduced to 363 from 1907. With the exception of Baldwin's last delivery, all locomotives had Stephenson-type valve gear. Of the last Baldwin engines, eight had Walschaert valve gear and two had Baker-Pilliod valve gear.
Variant | 1904 variant | 1907 variant | superheated |
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General |
Built | 1904-1906 | 1907-1910 | 1922 |
Manufacturer | ALCO, Baldwin | Lehigh Valley |
Axle config | 4-6-0 (Ten-wheeler) |
Gauge | 4 ft 8 1/2 in (Standard gauge) |
Dimensions and Weights |
Length | 57 ft 1 1/4 in |
Wheelbase | 25 ft 4 in |
Rigid wheelbase | 13 ft 4 in |
Total wheelbase | 65 ft 7 in |
Service weight | 199,200 lbs | 203,000 lbs | 207,200 lbs |
Adhesive weight | 150,200 lbs | 154,000 lbs | 155,000 lbs |
Total weight | 354,400 lbs | 358,200 lbs | |
Axle load | 50,200 lbs | 53,700 lbs | 55,200 lbs |
Water capacity | 8,000 us gal |
Fuel capacity | 24,000 lbs (coal) |
Boiler |
Grate area | 85 sq ft |
Firebox area | 200 sq ft | 199 sq ft |
Tube heating area | 3,084 sq ft | 2,960 sq ft | 2,171 sq ft |
Evaporative heating area | 3,284 sq ft | 3,159 sq ft | 2,370 sq ft |
Superheater area | | 493 sq ft |
Total heating area | 3,284 sq ft | 3,159 sq ft | 2,863 sq ft |
Power Plant |
Driver diameter | 68.5 in | 69 in |
Boiler pressure | 205 psi |
Expansion type | simple |
Cylinders | two, 21 x 28 in |
Power |
Power source | steam |
Estimated power | 1,650 hp (1,230 kW) | 1,625 hp (1,212 kW) | 1,700 hp (1,268 kW) |
Optimal speed | 33 mph | 35 mph |
Starting effort | 31,411 lbf | 31,183 lbf |
Calculated Values |
Factor of adhesion | 1 : 4.78 | 1 : 4.94 | 1 : 4.97 |
Power-to-weight ratio | 0.0083 hp/lb | 0.0080 hp/lb | 0.0082 hp/lb |
Heating Area Equivalent | 4,284 sq ft | 4,154 sq ft | 4,351 sq ft |
Cylinder volume/HAE | 1 : 798.61 | 1 : 823.61 | 1 : 786.32 |
Adhesive weight/Total | 1 : 1.33 | 1 : 1.32 | 1 : 1.34 |
Tractive force/Heating area | 1 : 2150.26 | 1 : 2219.12 | 1 : 2448.56 |
Grate area/Heating area | 1 : 36.28 | 1 : 34.82 | 1 : 31.34 |
Firebox/Tube area | 1 : 15.42 | 1 : 14.87 | 1 : 13.39 |
Total/Superheater | | 1 : 4.81 |
The Pennsylvania Railroad wanted to accommodate a larger grate area in Atlantic locomotives in order to be able to burn anthracite and fragments thereof. For this purpose, three locomotives were procured on a trial basis, which had a combination of Wootten and Belpaire fireboxes and were designed as Camelbacks. The special shape of the firebox and the combustion chamber resulted in 218 square feet of direct heating surface and a grate surface of nearly 70 square feet. A visual highlight was the common cover of the steam dome and the sandpit, which looked like a huge steam dome.
The approximately 410-ton express trains between Philadelphia and Atlantic City could be transported over longer sections at an average speed of around 55 mph. With only 260 tons on the hook, an average speed of 70 mph was achieved on the 58 miles long, slightly descending section from Camden to Atlantic City.
Ultimately, however, the PRR was bothered by the fact that the engine driver and the fireman had difficulty communicating. Hundreds of other Atlantics were procured as a result, but all of them with a conventional firebox and cab at the rear end. The three engines were sold to the Long Island Railroad in 1901 and scrapped in 1911.
General |
Built | 1899 |
Manufacturer | Altoona |
Axle config | 4-4-2 (Atlantic) |
Gauge | 4 ft 8 1/2 in (Standard gauge) |
Dimensions and Weights |
Wheelbase | 27 ft 9 ín |
Rigid wheelbase | 7 ft 5 in |
Service weight | 173,450 lbs |
Adhesive weight | 101,550 lbs |
Total weight | 263,450 lbs |
Axle load | 50,775 lbs |
Water capacity | 4,000 us gal |
Fuel capacity | 12,000 lbs (coal) |
Boiler |
Grate area | 69.2 sq ft |
Firebox area | 218 sq ft |
Tube heating area | 2,102 sq ft |
Evaporative heating area | 2,320 sq ft |
Total heating area | 2,320 sq ft |
Power Plant |
Driver diameter | 80 in |
Boiler pressure | 185 psi |
Expansion type | simple |
Cylinders | two, 20 1/2 x 26 in |
Power |
Power source | steam |
Estimated power | 1,400 hp (1,044 kW) |
Optimal speed | 42 mph |
Starting effort | 21,477 lbf |
Calculated Values |
Factor of adhesion | 1 : 4.73 |
Power-to-weight ratio | 0.0081 hp/lb |
Heating Area Equivalent | 3,410 sq ft |
Cylinder volume/HAE | 1 : 887.80 |
Adhesive weight/Total | 1 : 1.71 |
Tractive force/Heating area | 1 : 2081.13 |
Grate area/Heating area | 1 : 30.38 |
Firebox/Tube area | 1 : 9.64 |
The ten class I-5 Consolidations were delivered by ALCO-Brooks in 1903. For burning anthracite culm they were given a Wootten firebox with an 82 square foot grate and Camelback design. In the 1920s, all were superheated, with one locomotive keeping the cylinder diameter of 20 inches and the remaining getting 21 inch diameter cylinders. The former were designated I-5s while the rest became I-6s. The tender capacity was increased by a ton by installing boards. The last four members of the class remained in service until 1947. ![](./images/status_hasBaseData.png)
General |
Built | 1903 |
Manufacturer | ALCO |
Axle config | 2-8-0 (Consolidation) |
Gauge | 4 ft 8 1/2 in (Standard gauge) |
Dimensions and Weights |
Service weight | 208,000 lbs | 216,500 lbs |
Adhesive weight | 186,000 lbs | 194,500 lbs |
Total weight | 350,000 lbs | 358,300 lbs |
Axle load | 46,500 lbs | 48,625 lbs |
Water capacity | 7,000 us gal |
Fuel capacity | 26,000 lbs (coal) | 28,000 lbs (coal) |
Boiler |
Grate area | 82 sq ft |
Firebox area | 200 sq ft | 194.4 sq ft |
Tube heating area | 2,972 sq ft | 2,011.6 sq ft |
Evaporative heating area | 3,172 sq ft | 2,206 sq ft |
Superheater area | | 474 sq ft |
Total heating area | 3,172 sq ft | 2,680 sq ft |
Power Plant |
Driver diameter | 55 in |
Boiler pressure | 200 psi |
Expansion type | simple |
Cylinders | two, 20 x 32 in | two, 21 x 32 in |
Power |
Power source | steam |
Starting effort | 39,564 lbf | 43,619 lbf |
Calculated Values |
Factor of adhesion | 1 : 4.70 | 1 : 4.46 |
Heating Area Equivalent | 4,172 sq ft | 4,126 sq ft |
Cylinder volume/HAE | 1 : 850.07 | 1 : 859.56 |
Adhesive weight/Total | 1 : 1.12 | 1 : 1.11 |
Tractive force/Heating area | 1 : 2804.01 | 1 : 3658.94 |
Grate area/Heating area | 1 : 36.24 | 1 : 30.31 |
Firebox/Tube area | 1 : 14.86 | 1 : 12.79 |
Total/Superheater | | 1 : 4.65 |