The MF of the Danish State Railways are diesel multiple units which can be recognized by their air-tight rubber noses. The noses are inflated with air. While coupling to another unit, the air is shortly being deflated and inflated again to match the shape of the other unit. Inside the noses, there is a cab that can be folded away to make space for the passenger gangway.

Technically, each set consists of three car bodies which are running on four bogies, the inner two of which are Jacobs bogies. From a total of four Deutz diesel engines, each one is connected to one axle of one bogie via a mechanical gearbox. Each engine delivers 400 hp and starting in 2005, these were changed against new Deutz engines with 450 hp each.

The approved top speed is 180 km/h and in 1991, one train set the new Danish rail speed record with 204.6 km/h. These trains are also operating into Germany and are reaching Hamburg. Starting in 2018, they were refurbished. The Spanish class 594 is closely related to the MF, but only consists of two cars. An optically similar EMU is called X31K by the SJ and operates between Sweden and Denmark.

The Finnish State Railway's Sm3 is a broad-gauge variant of the Italian ETR 460, which is adapted to the Finnish climate. It is designed for a temperature range of -40 to 35°C. The Sm3 also has hydraulic tilting technology, but only reaches 220 km/h and only consists of six cars. 18 sets were created that are used on different lines. When the last sets were delivered in 2006, travel times in some parts of Finland had decreased significantly. The option for five more did not come to be.

Instead, four seven-car Sm6 were built in 2010, which were used as “Allegro” between Helsinki and Saint Petersburg. After the Russian invasion of Ukraine, the connection continued to operate for just over a month to make it easier for Russian citizens to get into the EU. A few months later, the trains were written off without being assigned a new area of operation. After the Ukrainian Railways initially expressed interest in the four trains in March 2023, it became known in December that VR wants to use them again from 2025 on domestic services.

For faster commuter trains into the outer regions of the Helsinki metropolitan area, Fiat developed the Sm4 EMU for VR. These are two-car EMUs where both axles of the inner bogies are powered with 1,200 kW in total. With a top speed of 160 km/h, up to five sets can be coupled. In 1999, the first batch of ten sets was not built by Fiat, but by CAF in Spain. Also the second batch of 20 was built by CAF, but this time in Spain.