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Philadelphia & Reading No. 385 and 378
later rebuilt to class D-10a and D-10b
United States | 1895
2 produced
No. 378
No. 378
collection Taylor Rush

Superintendent L.B. Paxson of the Philadelphia & Reading was convinced in the mid-1890s that an express locomotive with one powered axle would still be sufficient to haul express trains at high speed. He was thinking in particular of some trains between Jersey City and Philadelphia that covered the 90 miles with a light load. When asked about the ideal wheel arrangement, the choice fell on 4-2-2, which was popular in Great Britain and was called “single” or “bicycle” there.

No. 385
No. 385
Railway and Locomotive Engineering, August 1895

A Wootten firebox with a grate of 75 square feet was installed in order to be able to produce a lot of steam at high speeds with the combustion of residues from the anthracite processing. This meant that it was designed as a Camelback locomotive with the driver's cab in the middle of the boiler. The steam dome sat behind the driver's cab on the firebox. The power was provided by a four-cylinder compound engine of the Vauclain type, in which a jointly cast high and low pressure cylinder were present on each side.

Schematic drawing after the rebuild as 4-4-0
Schematic drawing after the rebuild as 4-4-0
Die Lokomotive, July 1914

After the number 385 built in 1895, the almost identical number 378 followed in the following year. The locomotives ran the mentioned route including the intermediate stops at an average of 51.4 mph and ran very smoothly. The 385 is said to have even reached 120 mph for a short time. Even if the two locomotives easily transported trains of around 350 tons, the low adhesive weight was soon no longer sufficient.

Both examples were rebuilt in 1904 into locomotives with a 4-4-0 wheel arrangement, which differed from each other. One thing they had in common, however, was that both received a simple two-cylinder engine with 19 by 26-inch cylinders. The 385 became the D10-a class and retained its 84.25 inch coupled wheel diameter. It lost its combustion chamber during the rebuild and instead had a larger tubular heating surface. The 378, now class D10-b, had the coupled wheels downsized to 78.5 inches and still had a combustion chamber, but also had a slightly larger boiler overall.

Variantas builtrebuilt D-10arebuilt D-10b
General
Built1895-18961904
ManufacturerBaldwin
Axle config4-2-2 (Single) 4-4-0 (American) 
Gauge4 ft 8 1/2 in (Standard gauge)
Dimensions and Weights
Wheelbase22 ft 9 in23 ft 6 1/2 in
Rigid wheelbase7 ft 6 in
Service weight115,000 lbs150,000 lbs154,050 lbs
Adhesive weight48,000 lbs98,625 lbs103,875 lbs
Total weight199,000 lbs290,000 lbs306,050 lbs
Axle load48,000 lbs49,315 lbs51,940 lbs
Water capacity4,000 us gal
Fuel capacity14,000 lbs (coal)
Boiler
Grate area76 sq ft
Firebox area173 sq ft137 sq ft211 sq ft
Tube heating area1,293 sq ft1,731 sq ft1,543.5 sq ft
Evaporative heating area1,466 sq ft1,868 sq ft1,754.5 sq ft
Total heating area1,466 sq ft1,868 sq ft1,754.5 sq ft
Variantas builtrebuilt D-10arebuilt D-10b
Power Plant
Driver diameter84.3 in78.5 in
Boiler pressure200 psi
Expansion typecompoundsimple
Cylindersfour, HP: 13 x 26 in
and LP: 22 x 26 in
two, 19 x 26 in
Power
Power sourcesteam
Estimated power1,425 hp (1,063 kW)1,500 hp (1,119 kW)1,575 hp (1,174 kW)
Optimal speed69 mph50 mph49 mph
Starting effort13,143 lbf18,939 lbf20,326 lbf
with start valve15,772 lbf
Calculated Values
steam locomotive
express
Vauclain compound
last changed: 07/2022
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