From 1980, the Yugoslav Railways received a total of 53 four-car electric commuter multiple units. They came from Riga in the former Soviet Union and were called ЭР31 (ER31) by the manufacturer. Each train consisted of two control cars with traction motors on all axles and two non-powered trailers. In Yugoslavia, the control cars were designated as the series 412 and the trailers as the series 416. After the collapse of Yugoslavia they came to Serbia, Montenegro and North Macedonia. Six trains for the Bulgarian State Railways were only built after 1990.

The class 488 was a diesel-mechanical railcar for long-distance travel on narrow gauge lines in Yugoslavia. It was designed in the late thirties after diesel railcars had shown their success on standard gauge lines. Each set consisted of two powered end cars and a non-powered trailer that was designated class 448. Each end car had a 235 hp six-cylinder diesel engine that powered all four axles. Top speed was 60 km/h, what was sufficient for the 760 mm gauge lines. They only had seats of the first and second class and a buffet, as they were not thought for regular commuter traffic.

Seven sets were completed in the factory at Slawonski Brod, what later became known as Đuro Đaković. The power train was supplied by Ganz of Budapest. Their main service was between Belgrade and Dubrovnik, what was completed in 16 hours and 35 minutes. All were stored during World War II, where one had been damaged beyond repair. After the war, the communist regime used them as JŽ class 801, where they still ran to the Adriatic coast until 1966. Although the class 802 started to replace them on important services in the sixties, the final end of their service came in the seventies when the narrow gauge network was closed.