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Alstom Coradia Nordic
Sweden | 2005
280 produced
Two SL X60 in Stockholm
Two SL X60 in Stockholm
Hugh Llewelyn

For use in the colder regions of Europe, Alstom developed the Coradia Nordic multiple unit, which has so far only been used in Sweden under the designations X60, X61 and X62. They are the first production vehicles in the LIREX family and formed the basis for the Coradia Continental, which is being used in Germany as class 440. Both are manufactured in Salzgitter.

The X60 is the basic model that was ordered for the Pendeltåg of Storstockholms Lokaltrafik to replace the old X1 and X10 series trains. A trainset consists of six cars, each two of which are supported on a common Jakobs bogie. Of the seven bogies, six are powered with an output of 250 kW per axle, resulting in a total of 3,000 kW. As with the LIREX, almost the entire power train is located on the roof, except for the traction motors. In the SL, two trains are usually coupled together, resulting in a total of 748 seats and 1,130 standing places. After 71 trains of the first series, the SL procured 12 more as X60A in 2012 and 46 more as X60B in 2016. While the X60A doesn't have any significant differences, the X60B has countless small improvements and the new European train management system ERMTS.

For regional traffic, other operators ordered a total of 151 X61 and X62, each consisting of four cars. The largest part is used by Skånetrafiken, where 99 X61 replaced the former 49 X11 and are providing additional services. The interior of the vehicles is generally somewhat more generous and they are powered on four of the five bogies, which results in 2,000 kW. 18 additional X61 are operated by Östgötatrafiken and 22 by Västtrafik. The X62 are used in 12 examples at Norrtåg in northern regions of Sweden. The different designation can be explained by the top speed set at 180 km/h and the bistro compartment, which cannot be found on the other trains.

VariantX60X61X62
General
Built2005-2017
ManufacturerAlstom
Axle configB-B-B-B-2-B-B B-B-2-B-B 
Gauge4 ft 8 1/2 in (Standard gauge)
Seats374234
Dimensions and Weights
Length351 ft 4 9/16 in243 ft 9 3/16 in
Service weight454,152 lbs341,716 lbs
Boiler
VariantX60X61X62
Power Plant
Power
Power sourceelectric - AC
Electric system15.000 V 16⅔ Hz
Continuous power4,023 hp (3,000 kW)2,682 hp (2,000 kW)
Top speed99 mph112 mph
Calculated Values
EMU
regional
Alstom Coradia
last changed: 06/2024
Alstom Coradia X3
Sweden | 1998
7 produced
The Arlanda Express in June 2013 in the station under Stockholm Central Station
The Arlanda Express in June 2013 in the station under Stockholm Central Station
Falk2
General
Built1998-1999
ManufacturerAlstom
Axle configB-B+2-2+2-2+B-B
Gauge4 ft 8 1/2 in (Standard gauge)
Seats190
Dimensions and Weights
Length306 ft 5 5/16 in
Empty weight425,933 lbs
Boiler
Power Plant
Power
Power sourceelectric - AC
Electric system15.000 V 16⅔ Hz
Top speed124 mph
Engine output3,004 hp (2,240 kW)
Calculated Values
EMU
regional
Alstom Coradia
Bombardier Regina
Swedish State Railways X50 to X55
Sweden | 2000
110 produced
X51 of Tåg i Bergslagen in June 2010 at Hofors station
X51 of Tåg i Bergslagen in June 2010 at Hofors station
Jan Ainali
Varianttwo-carthree-carfour-car
General
Built2000-2013
ManufacturerAdtranz, Bombardier
Axle configB-B+2-B B-B+2-2+B-B B-B+B-B+2-2+B-B 
Gauge4 ft 8 1/2 in (Standard gauge)
Seats166304240
Dimensions and Weights
Length176 ft 10 1/16 in264 ft 1 5/16 in351 ft 4 9/16 in
Rigid wheelbase8 ft 10 5/16 in
Empty weight326,284 lbs447,538 lbs604,066 lbs
Boiler
Varianttwo-carthree-carfour-car
Power Plant
Power
Power sourceelectric - AC
Electric system15.000 V 16⅔ Hz
Hourly power2,132 hp (1,590 kW)2,843 hp (2,120 kW)4,264 hp (3,180 kW)
Top speed124 mph
Starting effort24,055 lbf32,148 lbf48,334 lbf
Calculated Values
EMU
regional
long distance
Bombardier multiple unit
Danish State Railways ER (IR4)
Denmark | 1993
44 produced
IR4 No. 2142 in July 2007 at Ringsted
IR4 No. 2142 in July 2007 at Ringsted
Spoorjan
General
Built1993-1997
ManufacturerABB Scandia
Axle configB-2-2-2-B 
Gauge4 ft 8 1/2 in (Standard gauge)
Seats227
Dimensions and Weights
Length251 ft 1 in
Service weight293,214 lbs
Boiler
Power Plant
Power
Power sourceelectric - AC
Electric system25,000 V 50 Hz
Continuous power2,253 hp (1,680 kW)
Top speed112 mph
Calculated Values
EMU
regional
Danish State Railways MF “IC3”
Denmark | 1989
96 produced
IC3 No. 46 in August 2011 in Aalborg
IC3 No. 46 in August 2011 in Aalborg
Leif Jørgensen

The MF of the Danish State Railways are diesel multiple units which can be recognized by their air-tight rubber noses. The noses are inflated with air. While coupling to another unit, the air is shortly being deflated and inflated again to match the shape of the other unit. Inside the noses, there is a cab that can be folded away to make space for the passenger gangway.

Technically, each set consists of three car bodies which are running on four bogies, the inner two of which are Jacobs bogies. From a total of four Deutz diesel engines, each one is connected to one axle of one bogie via a mechanical gearbox. Each engine delivers 400 hp and starting in 2005, these were changed against new Deutz engines with 450 hp each.

The approved top speed is 180 km/h and in 1991, one train set the new Danish rail speed record with 204.6 km/h. These trains are also operating into Germany and are reaching Hamburg. Starting in 2018, they were refurbished. The Spanish class 594 is closely related to the MF, but only consists of two cars. An optically similar EMU is called X31K by the SJ and operates between Sweden and Denmark.

Variantas builtre-engined 2005
General
Built1989-1998
ManufacturerABB Scandia
Axle config1A-A1-1A-A1 
Gauge4 ft 8 1/2 in (Standard gauge)
Seats144
Dimensions and Weights
Length192 ft 11 3/4 in
Service weight213,848 lbs
Boiler
Variantas builtre-engined 2005
Power Plant
Power
Power sourcediesel-mechanic
Top speed112 mph
EngineDeutz BF8L513CPDeutz TCD2015
Engine type4x V8 diesel4x 6-cyl. diesel
Engine output1,577 hp (1,176 kW)1,770 hp (1,320 kW)
Calculated Values
DMU
regional
long distance
last changed: 07/2024
Danish State Railways MG “IC4”
Denmark | 2003
83 produced
IC4 in April 2013 in Vejle
IC4 in April 2013 in Vejle
Leif Jørgensen
General
Built2003-2013
ManufacturerAnsaldoBreda
Axle config1A-A1-2-1A-A1 
Gauge4 ft 8 1/2 in (Standard gauge)
Seats196
Dimensions and Weights
Length283 ft 10 11/16 in
Empty weight375,888 lbs
Boiler
Power Plant
Power
Power sourcediesel-mechanic
Top speed124 mph
EngineIveco FVQE 28
Engine type4x V8 diesel
Engine output3,004 hp (2,240 kW)
Calculated Values
DMU
long distance
Danish State Railways MO
Denmark | 1935
139 produced
MO 1805 with two passenger carriages and a second MO in July 1970 at Veksø
MO 1805 with two passenger carriages and a second MO in July 1970 at Veksø
Kurt Rasmussen
VariantMO (I) and MO (II)MO (III)MO (IV)MO (V)
General
Built193519361938-19401951-1958
ManufacturerBurmeister & WainFrichs
Axle config2-B 3-B 2-B 3-B
Seats5237
Dimensions and Weights
Length68 ft 8 5/16 in
Wheelbase56 ft 8 11/16 in
Rigid wheelbase10 ft 6 in
Service weight122,356 lbs128,529 lbs143,300 lbs
Boiler
VariantMO (I) and MO (II)MO (III)MO (IV)MO (V)
Power Plant
Power
Power sourcediesel-electric
Top speed75 mph
EngineBurmeister & Wains 613,5VL22 DFrichs 6185CA
Engine type2x 6-cyl. diese1
Engine output493 hp (368 kW)
Calculated Values
DMU
regional
Danish State Railways MR/MRD
Denmark | 1978
98 produced
No. 4048 in July 2018 north of Lindholm
No. 4048 in July 2018 north of Lindholm
Liberaler Humanist
General
Built1978-1985
ManufacturerUerdingen, Scandia
Axle config2-B+B-2 
Gauge4 ft 8 1/2 in (Standard gauge)
Seats126
Dimensions and Weights
Length146 ft 7 1/16 in
Service weight164,465 lbs
Boiler
Power Plant
Power
Power sourcediesel-hydraulic
Top speed81 mph
EngineDeutz F12L 413F
Engine type2x V12 diesel
Engine output636 hp (474 kW)
Calculated Values
DMU
regional
Finnish Railway series Dm6 and Dm7 “Lättähattu”
Finland | 1955
212 produced
Museum train with four Dm7s in Äänekoski in May 2011
Museum train with four Dm7s in Äänekoski in May 2011
Yaamboo
Variant4000-41744175-4216
General
Built1955-1963
ManufacturerValmet
Axle config1A-A1 
Gauge4 ft 11 13/16 in (Russian broad gauge)
Seats64
Dimensions and Weights
Length54 ft 7 7/8 in
Empty weight37,919 lbs
Boiler
Variant4000-41744175-4216
Power Plant
Power
Power sourcediesel-mechanic
Top speed59 mph71 mph
EngineValmet 815 D
Engine type8-cyl. diesel
Engine output177 hp (132 kW)
Calculated Values
DMU
railbus
local
secondary line
Finnish Railway series Sm3 and Sm6
Finland | 1995
22 produced
Sm6 Allegro
Sm6 Allegro
Neu-Zwei

The Finnish State Railway's Sm3 is a broad-gauge variant of the Italian ETR 460, which is adapted to the Finnish climate. It is designed for a temperature range of -40 to 35°C. The Sm3 also has hydraulic tilting technology, but only reaches 220 km/h and only consists of six cars. 18 sets were created that are used on different lines. When the last sets were delivered in 2006, travel times in some parts of Finland had decreased significantly. The option for five more did not come to be.

Instead, four seven-car Sm6 were built in 2010, which were used as “Allegro” between Helsinki and Saint Petersburg. After the Russian invasion of Ukraine, the connection continued to operate for just over a month to make it easier for Russian citizens to get into the EU. A few months later, the trains were written off without being assigned a new area of operation. After the Ukrainian Railways initially expressed interest in the four trains in March 2023, it became known in December that VR wants to use them again from 2025 on domestic services.

VariantSm3Sm6
General
Built1995-20062010
ManufacturerFIAT, Alstom
Axle config1A-A1+1A-A1+2-2+2-2+1A-A1+1A-A1 1A-A1+1A-A1+2-2+2-2+2-2+1A-A1+1A-A1 
Gauge4 ft 11 13/16 in (Russian broad gauge)
Seats262342
Dimensions and Weights
Length521 ft 3 7/8 in606 ft 3 9/16 in
Empty weight723,115 lbs932,554 lbs
Adhesive weight252,209 lbs
Axle load31,526 lbs
Boiler
VariantSm3Sm6
Power Plant
Power
Power sourceelectric - ACelectric - AC/DC
Electric system25,000 V 50 Hz25,000 V 50 Hz, 3,000 V
Continuous power5,364 hp (4,000 kW)7,376 hp (5,500 kW)
Top speed137 mph
Calculated Values
EMU
long distance
high speed train
tilting
multi-system
last changed: 12/2023
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