The class 441 was an electric locomotive designed by the 50 Hz Traction Union for the Yugoslav 25 kV network. Technically, it was based on the Swedish Rb, with the outside appearance of the Rc. The electric part had been developed by ELIN, ASEA and Sécheron. Thanks to the higher line voltage, it delivered more power than the Swedish locomotives. The first 54 locomotives were built by SGP in Austria starting in 1967. When production ceased in 1987, 240 more had been completed in Yugoslavia.

There were seven subclasses which differed in the top speed and the installation of dynamic brakes, wheel flange lubricators and multiple controls. When Yugoslavia collapsed, they were split among the successor states. The Croatian locomotives became class 1141. In Bosnia and Herzegovina, many locomotives not needed due to the war were sold to Turkey. There they were refurbished and designated E 52500. Later, some were given back to Bosnia and Herzegovina. In 2017, the Croatian company TŽV Gredelj built the new locomotive 1141 351 from existing parts.