The Davis Ten-Wheeler was a 4-6-0 Camelback locomotive of the Baltimore & Ohio that was designed by J.C. Davis and stood in the tradition of the locomotives from Ross Winans. It was based on the Hayes Ten-Wheeler that was built from 1854. Like this, it had a long, narrow firebox for burning anthracite. Although the large cab was enclosed, the fireman had to walk out of it to access the firebox. The stack was a tall, parallel tube that was not located at the front of the smokebox, but far back directly in front of the cab.

While only 17 had been built of their successor, a total of 110 Davis Ten-Wheelers had been built between 1869 and 1873. They had come out of the Mount Claire Shops in Baltimore. Number 173, originally numbered 373, has survived until today and is one of only five remaining Camelbacks. It was donated to the Purdue University by the B&O in 1901 and 50 years later, it was again donated to the Museum of Transportation at St. Louis, Missouri. There it was on static display before the museum started to cosmetically restore it in 2017.